To commemorate the 60th anniversary of the great May Fourth Movement, the Shanghai People's Publishing House recently reissued the 'Compilation of Historical Materials on the May Fourth Movement in Shanghai,' edited by the History Research Institute of the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences (hereafter referred to as the 'Compilation'). When news of the May Fourth Movement breaking out in Beijing reached Shanghai, the people of Shanghai immediately responded fervently. The students of Shanghai were the first to launch patriotic activities in support of the Beijing students. Subsequently, various sectors and political groups in Shanghai issued appeals, unanimously supporting the patriotic actions of Beijing students and demanding the rejection of the 'Treaty of Versailles,' and the stern punishment of traitors like Cao, Lu, and Zhang. The 'Compilation' extensively portrays and introduces the National Assembly convened by the people of Shanghai, demonstrations, the establishment of the 'Shanghai Student Union' leading the student movement, and the promotion of boycotting Japanese goods by the 'Advocacy of Domestic Goods Association' and 'Open-Air Propaganda Team,' among other actions, in practical support and endorsement of the patriotic actions of Beijing students. These historical materials provide a vivid depiction of the intense mass struggle during that period. It's worth noting that the 'Compilation' also collected materials on the struggle of the people of Shanghai against the comprador bourgeoisie represented by Yu Qiaqing and Zhu Baosan. The comprador bourgeoisie in China were imperialist lackeys, the arch-enemies of the Chinese people. Therefore, at the crucial historical moment of May Fourth, they undoubtedly emerged to sabotage the righteous patriotic struggle of the Chinese people and serve their imperialist masters. The 'Compilation' effectively exposes the vile actions and deeds perpetrated by the comprador bourgeoisie, led by Yu Qiaqing, during the 'Three Abstentions' movement and struggle in Shanghai. After the June Third incident, the workers, students, and business community of Shanghai bravely conducted the 'Three Abstentions' movement, which included strikes, class boycotts, and market closures. Particularly, the political general strike by the working class in Shanghai played a decisive role in achieving the movement's victory. The 'Compilation' contains numerous materials reflecting this aspect. For instance, in addition to going on strike, workers from the Xinji Machine Factory in Shanghai built a wooden arch near the factory entrance inscribed with the words 'Do Not Forget the National Humiliation' to motivate people to persist in the 'Three Abstentions' struggle. The struggle of shop employees was also resolute during this time. A shop employee on Henan Road once wrote in his own blood and posted a sign on the store's door with twelve big characters: 'As long as the students are detained, this store will remain closed.' Many shops had slogans posted outside: 'The nation is on the verge of destruction, no interest in business,' 'Stop business to save detained students,' and similar slogans, indicating the determination to carry the 'Three Abstentions' struggle to the end. The materials collected in the 'Compilation' span from the outbreak of the May Fourth Movement to the establishment of the Communist groups in Shanghai during that period. They have been carefully categorized based on their different natures. Comrade Mao Zedong said: 'The May Fourth Movement occurred under the call of the revolutionary movement of the world at that time, under the call of the Russian Revolution, and under the call of Lenin.' Therefore, the 'Compilation' first utilizes important writings by communist intellectuals, introducing the October Socialist Revolution in Russia and Marxist publications. Additionally, a significant portion of the historical materials in the 'Compilation' is selected from bourgeois newspapers published in Shanghai at that time. However, bourgeois newspaper reports inevitably carry their class biases, making them flawed as historical materials. Furthermore, the 'Compilation' also includes selected opposing materials from relevant archives of the country, annual reports of the Shanghai Public Works Department, and foreign-language newspapers in Shanghai. Through these historical materials, we can gain an understanding of the historical panorama of that time from various perspectives—positive, lateral, and opposing. The 'Compilation' features over forty finely printed historical photographs at the beginning of the book. These include photographs taken at that time and physical images, featuring comrades Li Dazhao, Mao Zedong, Zhou Sili during the May Fourth period, as well as copperplate photographs of 'New Youth,' 'Weekly Review,' 'Xiangjiang Review,' and historical images of the heroic struggle of the Shanghai people during the May Fourth period. They are valuable materials for studying the May Fourth Movement.

为了纪念伟大的五四运动六十周年,上海人民出版社最近重版了上海社会科学院历史研究所编辑的《五四运动在上海史料选辑》(以下简称《选辑》)。当五四运动在北京爆发的消息传到上海后,上海人民立即热烈响应。上海学生首先开展声援北京学生的爱国活动,接着上海各阶层、各政治团体也纷纷发出通电,一致声援北京学生的爱国行动,坚决要求拒签“巴黎和约”,严惩曹、陆、章等卖国贼。《选辑》用较大的篇幅反映和介绍了上海各界人民召开国民大会,举行示威游行,成立领导学生运动的“上海学联”和宣传抵制日货的“劝用国货会’、“露天宣讲团’等等,以实际行动支持和声援北京学生的爱国行动。这些历史资料,为我们提供了一幅生动的如火如茶的群众斗争的历史场面。这里值得一提的是,《选辑》还搜集了上海人民与大买办虞洽卿、朱葆三的斗争。中国的大买办阶级是帝国主义豢养的走狗,是中国人民的死敌,因此,在“五四’这一关键历史时刻,他们必然会跳出来破坏中国人民正义的爱国斗争,为其帝国主义主子效犬马之力。以虞洽卿为首的大买办阶级在上海的“三罢,斗争中干尽了坏事和丑事,《选辑》在这方面也以大量令人信服的材料进行了揭露。“六三”以后上海工人、学生、商界英勇地举行了罢工、罢课、罢市的“三罢,斗争,其中特别是上海工人阶级的政治性大罢工,对争取运动的胜利起了决定性的作用。《选辑》中反映这方面的材料也比较多.例如求新机器厂工人除了进行罢工外,还在厂附近的街口搭建了一座铁木牌楼,上书“毋忘国耻”,以此来激励人们把“三罢”斗争进行到底。当时店员工人的斗争也极坚决,河南路有一店员曾破指血书“学生一日不放,本店一日不开,十二个大字贴于商店门口。许多商店门前贴着标语:“国家将亡,无心营业”,“被拘学生,停市挽救”等标语,表示了要将“三罢’斗争进行到底的决心。《选辑》所收资料是从五四运动爆发到上海共产主义小组成立这一期间的历史资料,并根据不同性质分门别类地加以选编。毛泽东同志说:“五四运动是在当时世界革命号召之下,是在俄国革命号召之下,是在列宁号召之下发生的。”所以《选辑》首先采用了共产主义知识分子的重要论著,介绍俄国十月社会主义革命和马克思主义的报刊;其次,《选辑》中有一大部分历史资料是从当时在上海出版的资产阶级报纸中选录出来的,但资产阶级报纸的报道必然有其阶级的偏见,因此,作为史料来说是有其缺陷的。另外,《选辑》还从有关国家的档案、上海公共租界工部局年报和上海的外文报纸中选录了个别反面资料。我们从这些历史资料中可以从正面、侧面和反面看出当时的历史概貌。《选辑》书首的四十余张印刷精良的历史照片,是当时摄影的和实物的照片,其中有李大钊、毛泽东、周思来同志在“五四”时期的历史照片和《新青年》、《每周评论》、《湘江评论》铜版照片以及上海人民在五四时期英勇斗争的历史图片。它们都是研究五四运动的珍贵资料。